What does 18 USC § 371 define as a conspiracy?

18 USC § 371 specifically addresses conspiracy as an agreement between two or more persons to commit an offense against the United States or to defraud the United States in any manner. This legal definition emphasizes that the act of conspiracy involves not just planning or intending to commit a crime, but rather forming a specific agreement to engage in illicit activities that affect the federal government.

The focus on "conspiring to commit an offense or defraud the U.S." captures the essence of how conspiracy laws are structured; they are intended to address the collaborative nature of criminal conduct that undermines federal authority or harms the government. The law does not necessarily require that the offense be carried out; the mere agreement to pursue illegal activities is sufficient for conspiracy charges under this statute.

Other choices do not align with the legal definition provided in 18 USC § 371. For instance, merely planning to commit a crime against a government official doesn't encompass the broader scope of activities included in the definition. Similarly, joining groups to oppose government actions or engaging in protests against federal laws do not constitute conspiracy under this statute unless those actions involve an agreement to commit an offense or defraud the government.